Exploring the Aquatic Life in Rwanda; Lakes and Rivers
Aquatic life in Rwanda; The Republic of Rwanda is known for its lush landscapes, rolling hills, diverse wildlife, and a remarkable array of aquatic ecosystems. Rwanda’s freshwater bodies, lakes, and rivers, add to its rich biodiversity by providing habitats for numerous aquatic species.
From the expansive lake in the country, that’s Lake Kivu to the flowing Akagera River, these freshwater bodies in Rwanda play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance and supporting the local communities.
They offer visitors to Rwanda an exceptional opportunity to catch a glimpse of the country’s unique wildlife species thriving both within and outside, in the natural habitats such as forests found around these water bodies.
These may include different reptiles, amphibians, fish, wading birds, and wild animals spotted cooling off at the shores. In addition, visitors to these water bodies get a chance to relax, cool off, and embark on thrilling water experiences ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable stay for everyone.
Lakes of Rwanda
Rwanda is home to approximately 23 lakes, scattered across various regions and varying in size, depth, and ecological significance. Notable or major lakes in Rwanda include Lake Kivu, the largest lake in Rwanda, Lake Rweru, Lake Ihema, Lake Muhazi, the Twin Lakes (Burera and Ruhondo), Lake Cyohoha, and Lake Sahe. Let’s have a look at the 5 major lakes of Rwanda;
Lake Kivu:
Lake Kivu is the largest lake in Rwanda covering an area of about 2,700 square kilometers, forming part of the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Lake Kivu is a natural habitat for a variety of aquatic species. Its lush environment, with its deep waters and high levels of dissolved gases like carbon dioxide and methane, offers a reliable environment to a diverse of aquatic animals. Lake Kivu is the major source of fresh fish in Rwanda with its prominent species being Kivu tilapia and Kivu trout.
These fish species play a crucial role in the local community, providing a vital source of food and income. They allow people to catch fish both for personal consumption and for sale, helping to meet their financial needs and support their livelihoods.
Beyond fish, Lake Kivu supports a variety of wild animals. Its wetlands and shoreline areas are habitats for numerous bird species such as the African fish eagle and grey crowned crane which rely on it for food and nesting sites.
Lake Kivu offers visitors exceptional opportunities for boat tours, fishing expeditions, and a range of water adventures, including kayaking, canoeing, swimming, wakeboarding, waterskiing, stand-up paddle boarding, island hopping, and diving.
The lake’s unique ecosystem, beautiful surroundings, and diverse wildlife make it one of the top safari destinations in Rwanda that you shouldn’t miss during your adventurous safaris in the country.
Lake Rweru:
Situated on the border between Rwanda and Burundi, Lake Rweru forms an essential part of the Ruzizi River Basin. This large wetland area plays a vital role in the region’s rich biodiversity and ecological health. Lake Rweru is home to numerous fish species with the most common being the Nile tilapia and different species of cichlids.
These fish species have contributed to the livelihood of communities living around the lake. Additionally, the lake is a habitat to numerous amphibians, and different wading bird species such as waterfowls, it attracts different wildlife hence making it a good destination for adventurous tours in Rwanda.
The lake’s wetlands are excellent natural water filters and flood regulators hence playing a crucial role in maintaining water quality while at the same time controlling seasonal floods.
A guided boat safari through Rweru wetlands offers stunning views of the Lake’s rich biodiversity which includes different bird species such as herons, ducks, egrets and kingfishers, frogs, toads, catfish, water beetles, dragonflies, lizards, and other different small mammals.
Activities enjoyed by visitors to Lake Rweru include Boat tours, fishing, canoeing, birdwatching, swimming, photography, and picnicking.
While Rweru Lake may not have the same level of development and tourist infrastructure as some other destinations, it provides a peaceful and authentic experience for those seeking to enjoy Rwanda’s natural beauty and engage in outdoor activities.
Lake Shanani:
Lake Shanani located in the southern regions of Akagera National Park is famous for its spot fishing adventurous activities. During the activity, visitors or participants get a chance to spot and catch fish species like tilapia, catfish, Barbus spp, and other local fish species. The lake is also a great destination for birding tours in Rwanda, attracting different bird species found in the park to its wetlands.
A boat tour on Lake Shanani offers stunning views of its surroundings, different aquatic life, exceptional sunset views, natural feel of the environment offering a relaxing and enjoyable safari.
Lake Ihema:
Lake Ihema is the second largest lake in Rwanda situated in its largest and only savannah national park, that’s Akagera National Park found in the eastern regions of the country. It is home to a variety of aquatic life and different bird species making it a reliable destination for wilderness safaris in Rwanda.
The wetland parts of the lake are a reliable habitat to different aquatic animals offering them food and nesting sites for different bird species. a boat tour through the wetlands of Lake Ihema offers you spectacular views of rare water-wading birds like the shoebill stork, herons, jacanas, papyrus gonolex, sandpipers, hawks, and kingfishers, among others.
A boat safari on Lake Ihema also comes with spectacular views of the lake’s serene environment, its beautiful shores, different semi-aquatic animals like crocodiles and hippos, and different wildlife attracted by the lake, among others.
Twin Lakes: Burera and Ruhondo
Twin lakes of Rwanda are found in the northern regions of the country, at the base of Mount Muhabura, close to the Volcanoes National Park. These are beautiful lakes separated by a one-kilometer-wide strip of land.
They were formed as a result of volcanic activities specifically of the Muhabura Mountain lava flowing down blocking the Nyabarongo’s river channel leading to the formation of these twin lakes, Burera and Ruhondo.
They are habitats to different aquatic life species and their surroundings as well featured with dense vegetation are habitats to different wildlife species. They are an excellent destination for birdwatching and different water adventurous activities such as swimming, fishing, and canoeing.
Their crystalline blue waters surrounded by hills and vegetation offer a spectacular backdrop that is captivating to watch. The Twin Lakes are popular with tourists for their picturesque landscapes and tranquil environment.
Lake Muhazi
Located just 40 kilometers from Kigali, Rwanda’s capital city, Lake Muhazi offers a perfect escape from the bustling city, especially on weekends. Its picturesque, serene environment and crystalline blue waters make it an ideal spot for relaxation and unwinding from the busy, tiring days of the week.
Lake Muhazi supports a variety of fish species, aquatic plants, and animals. It is characterized by relatively calm water and abundant vegetation creating a favorable environment for different aquatic and semiaquatic animals. its wetlands contribute to its rich biodiversity by providing reliable habitats for birds, fish amphibians, and other wildlife. They also play a crucial role in supporting local agriculture and providing water and food to the surrounding communities.
Rivers in Rwanda
Rwanda is home to over 800 rivers. These are part of two major river basins that’s the Nile Basin and the Congo Basin. The major rivers in Rwanda include the Nyabarongo, Akagera, Mukungwa, Rusizi, Ruvubu, and Mwogo. The Akagera River feeds Lake Victoria, while the Rusizi River flows into Lake Tanganyika, supporting biodiversity and agriculture.
The Nyabarongo River is Rwanda’s longest river, stretching over 297 kilometers. The Mukarange River, a small tributary, is considered one of the country’s shortest rivers, contributing to local waterways.
Let’s have a look at the major rivers in Rwanda in detail:
Kagera River:
Flowing through the northeastern regions of Rwanda, the Kaagera River is renowned for its natural beauty and rich biodiversity. It is a source to different water bodies in Rwanda such as Lake Ihema, Rwanyakazinga, and Gishanju.
River Kagera supports a diverse of wildlife thriving in the Akagera National Park therefore while on a boat safari on the river, you get a chance to spot many of them such as the elephants, zebras, different cat species, rhinos, waterbucks, duikers, impalas, antelopes, among others cooling off by the shores.
The river is also a prime birding destination attracting over 500 bird species residing in the park. These may include different forest birds and water-wading birds living in the Akagera wetlands.
Akegera River offers visitors an opportunity to enjoy different water adventurous activities such as canoeing, kayaking, swimming, water rafting among others ensuring an enjoyable safari.
Nyabarongo River;
Nyabarongo River is the longest river in Rwanda stretching for about 297 kilometers (184 miles) feeding in different lakes and swamps creating an expansive wetland that is home to numerous wildlife species.
A boat tour through this vast wetland offers you an opportunity to spot different bird species such as the white-winged scrub warbler, white-collared olive back, papyrus yellow warbler, grey crowned cranes, papyrus canary, northern brown-throated papyrus gonolek, among others. You also see different reptiles and amphibians such as water turtles, monitor lizards, sitatunga, and crocodiles, among others.
Map of Nyabarongo River
Rusizi River
The Rusizi River is a significant waterway in Rwanda, forming part of its western border with the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi. It flows from Lake Kivu and empties into Lake Tanganyika, covering approximately 117 kilometers.
Known for its ecological importance, Its lower course features the Rusizi Delta, an ecological hotspot with diverse bird species and wildlife, including hippos and various bird species, making it a key attraction for nature enthusiasts.
The Rusizi River also plays a vital role in agriculture and hydroelectric power generation, benefiting local communities. Its scenic surroundings and connection to regional trade enhance its cultural and economic value, making it an integral part of Rwanda’s landscape.
Ruvubu River
The Ruvubu River is a crucial tributary of the Kagera River, flowing through Rwanda and Burundi. Originating in Burundi, it forms part of Rwanda’s southeastern border before joining the Kagera River, which eventually feeds Lake Victoria.
The Ruvubu River is vital for supporting agriculture and local ecosystems, providing water for irrigation and habitats for various wildlife species. It also contributes to the Nile River Basin, playing a role in the regional hydrological network. The river’s lush surroundings, characterized by wetlands and diverse flora, offer a serene environment that highlights Rwanda’s natural beauty and ecological significance.
Mwogo River
The Mwogo River is a key tributary of the Nyabarongo River, located in southern Rwanda. It flows through the picturesque landscapes of the Nyamagabe and Nyanza districts, contributing significantly to the country’s hydrology.
The Mwogo River plays a crucial role in agriculture, providing water for irrigation to support local farming communities. It is also part of the larger Nile Basin, as its waters eventually merge with the Nyabarongo and Akagera rivers before reaching Lake Victoria.
The Mwogo River’s banks are rich in biodiversity, offering habitats for various plant and animal species, making it an essential natural resource in Rwanda.
Map of Rwanda showing Major Lakes and Rivers
Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about aquatic life in Rwanda:
1. What types of aquatic life can be found in Rwanda?
Rwanda is home to a variety of freshwater aquatic life, particularly in its lakes and rivers. Species include fish such as tilapia, catfish, and the Nile perch. Additionally, the country is known for its unique species of freshwater snails, crabs, and frogs, and various bird species that rely on aquatic ecosystems.
2. Which are the main lakes in Rwanda with significant aquatic life?
Rwanda is home to several lakes that support rich aquatic life, with the most notable being:
- Lake Kivu: Known for its freshwater fish species and as a habitat for various waterfowl.
- Lake Muhazi: Popular for its fish populations, including tilapia and catfish.
- Lake Rweru: Located along the border with Burundi, known for its fish and birds.
3. Is fishing an important activity in Rwanda?
Yes, fishing is an important activity in Rwanda, especially in communities near the lakes. It provides food and income for local people. The fish caught in lakes like Kivu and Muhazi are crucial to local diets and the economy.
4. Are there any endangered aquatic species in Rwanda?
Yes, there are a few aquatic species in Rwanda that are considered endangered. For instance, certain species of freshwater snails are at risk due to habitat loss. Additionally, some species of fish are threatened by overfishing and pollution.
5. How does Rwanda protect its aquatic ecosystems?
Rwanda has implemented various conservation measures to protect its aquatic ecosystems. These include:
- Laws and regulations to prevent overfishing and pollution.
- Protected areas around lakes and wetlands.
- Community-based management of aquatic resources to ensure sustainable practices.
6. Can tourists engage in aquatic activities in Rwanda?
Yes, tourists can enjoy a range of aquatic activities in Rwanda. Popular activities include boat rides on Lake Kivu, fishing trips, and birdwatching, especially around lakes and wetlands. Tourists can also explore the diverse aquatic wildlife through activities like kayaking and stand-up paddleboarding.
7. What are the most common fish species in Rwandan lakes?
Common fish species in Rwandan lakes include:
- Tilapia: A popular fish species, found in many lakes.
- Catfish: Known for its large size, often caught by local fishermen.
- Nile perch: A large predatory fish, especially found in Lake Kivu.
8. Are there any unique aquatic species in Rwanda?
While Rwanda’s aquatic life is mainly composed of well-known species, there are some unique species of freshwater fish and invertebrates in the lakes. For example, the Rwandan frog and certain types of snails are native to the region. Additionally, several bird species, such as the Great White Pelican, rely on the aquatic habitats in the area.
9. What is being done to address pollution in Rwanda’s lakes?
Rwanda is actively working to reduce pollution in its lakes. The government has taken steps to:
- Implement policies to control waste disposal and industrial pollution.
- Educate communities on the importance of proper waste management.
- Establish buffer zones around lakes to prevent agricultural runoff from reaching the water.
10. How does aquatic life contribute to Rwanda’s biodiversity?
Aquatic life plays a crucial role in Rwanda’s biodiversity by supporting food chains, providing habitats for bird species, and contributing to the overall ecosystem balance. The lakes and rivers also offer important services like water purification, supporting agriculture, and fostering tourism.